Toby advises individuals, companies, financial institutions and states on international sanctions regimes, and on the litigation that follows when sanctions bite. He has acted in sanctions-related matters concerning Russia and Ukraine, Syria, Lebanon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda.

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The work includes challenges to designation, applications for licences and delisting, advice on compliance exposure in cross-border trade, banking and commodities transactions, and the sanctions dimension of arbitrations and commercial disputes, where a regime may affect the performance of a contract, the payment of an award or the enforcement of a judgment.

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Sanctions rarely arrive alone. They tend to come with criminal investigation, asset freezing, INTERPOL activity or reputational attack, and they often raise questions of public international law about sovereign assets and state recognition. Toby's experience across each of those fields allows him to advise on the whole picture: what is permissible, what is defensible, and what can be challenged.

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SELECTED WORK

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• Counsel in sanctions-related matters concerning Russia and Ukraine, Syria, Lebanon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda.

• Advising on sanctions exposure in commodities and precious metals trading involving a sanctioned jurisdiction.

• Financial sanctions compliance advice across multiple jurisdictions.

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